MOTS-c

MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondria-derived peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome, representing a relatively recently discovered class of signalling molecules. Unlike most peptides, which are encoded in nuclear DNA, MOTS-c originates from the small ribosomal RNA gene of mitochondrial DNA, making it of unique interest to researchers studying mitochondrial biology and inter-organelle communication. Research has investigated MOTS-c’s role in metabolic regulation, with studies demonstrating its potential to activate AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis that governs processes including glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. Preclinical findings have suggested MOTS-c may improve insulin sensitivity, reduce diet-induced obesity, and enhance physical performance in study models. Additionally, research has examined its role as an exercise-responsive hormone, with plasma levels observed to increase during physical activity, suggesting a possible role in mediating some of the metabolic benefits of exercise. Its position at the intersection of mitochondrial biology, metabolic disease research, and longevity science makes MOTS-c a compelling compound for researchers in these fields.